Dodd: But the common name highlights the crucial fact that both are composed of the same material and have very similar structures; so it is acceptable as a scientific term.
A
it is advisable to use ordinary terms as names for biological forms in scientific discourse
B
using the same term for two biological forms with different lineages can be scientifically acceptable
C
both deciduous and coniferous plant forms evolved from simpler biological forms
D
it is important that the lay terms for plant forms reflect the current scientific theories about them
E
biological forms with similar structures can have different lineages
In a study, infant monkeys given a choice between two surrogate mothers—a bare wire structure equipped with a milk bottle, or a soft, suede-covered wire structure equipped with a milk bottle—unhesitatingly chose the latter. When given a choice between a bare wire structure equipped with a milk bottle and a soft, suede-covered wire structure lacking a milk bottle, they unhesitatingly chose the former.
Summary
A study examined monkeys given a choice between a bare wire structure with a milk bottle or a soft, suede-covered structure with a milk bottle as surrogate mothers. The monkeys chose the soft, suede-covered structure. In a separate experiment where the suede-covered structure did NOT have the milk bottle, the monkeys preferred the bare wire structure that still had the milk bottle.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
Monkeys prefer a milk bottle over softness of texture when choosing a fake surrogate mother.
A
Infant monkeys’ desire for warmth and comfort is nearly as strong as their desire for food.
This is anti-supported because the experiment shows that the infant monkeys rejected the comforting structure in favor of one that had food. This does not indicate a near equality in desires.
B
For infant monkeys, suede is a less convincing substitute for their mother’s touch than animal fur would be.
This is unsupported because the experiment never tested suede against real animal fur.
C
For infant monkeys, a milk bottle is a less convincing substitute for their mother’s teat than suede is for their mother’s touch.
This is anti-supported because the monkeys tended to prefer the bare structure with the milk bottle over the suede structure that had no milk. We also don’t know how convincing each structure was at replicating the real thing.
D
For infant monkeys, a milk bottle is an equally convincing substitute for their mother’s teat as suede is for their mother’s touch.
This is anti-supported because the infant monkeys tended to choose the bare structure with the milk bottle more than the suede structure without the milk, indicating an inequality in how convincing each substitute is.
E
Infant monkeys’ desire for food is stronger than their desire for warmth and comfort.
This is strongly supported because when the monkeys had to choose between a bare wire structure with food versus a soft structure that had no food, the monkeys chose the uncovered structure with food.