A
The number of bottles of Veritas Vineyards wine sold has remained unchanged between 1991 and the present.
B
Each bottle of Veritas Vineyards wine that is sold today brings the winegrower less profit than did each bottle sold in 1991.
C
The cost to the cork maker of producing the corks used in bottles of Veritas Vineyards wine has increased since 1991.
D
The aggregate profit generated by the winegrower’s sales of Veritas Vineyards wine this year is smaller than the aggregate profit generated in 1991.
E
The cost of each cork used in bottling Veritas Vineyards wine is currently greater than the cost of each glass bottle itself.
Lorraine: The general public, unlike people in government, is unwilling or unable to become informed about foreign-policy issues. Therefore, the introduction of such referenda would lead to foreign-policy disaster.
A
The public would become better informed about an issue in foreign policy if a referendum were held on it.
B
Not every issue would be subject to referendum, only the major outlines of policy.
C
Decision by referendum would make the overall course of policy unpredictable, and countries friendly to France could not make reasonable decisions based on a consistent French line.
D
Requiring a large minimum number of voters’ signatures on a petition for a referendum would ensure that many people would consider the issue and treat it as important.
E
Elections decided mainly on foreign-policy issues have perhaps constituted ratifications by the public of past decisions, but certainly not judgments about future issues posing new problems.
Jennifer: Indeed. In fact, a mildly drought-stressed plant will divert a small amount of its resources from normal growth to the development of pesticidal toxins, but abundantly watered plants will not.
A
It offers information that supports each of the claims that Peter makes in his argument.
B
It supports Peter’s argument by supplying a premise without which Peter’s conclusion cannot properly be drawn.
C
It supports Peter’s argument by offering an explanation of all of Peter’s premises.
D
It supports one of Peter’s premises although it undermines Peter’s conclusion.
E
It supports the conclusion of Peter’s argument by offering independent grounds for that conclusion.
Company president: Whenever you subcontract the manufacturing of a product, you lose some control over the quality of that product. We do subcontract some manufacturing, but only with companies that maintain complete control over the quality of the products they supply.
Summary
Company president:
Subcontracting manufacturing means losing some control over product quality.
We do subcontract some manufacturing.
We only subcontract with companies that have complete control over the quality of their products.
Very Strongly Supported Conclusions
The president’s company loses some control over its product quality.
The company’s subcontractors do not lose any control over their product quality.
The company’s subcontractors do not subcontract their manufacturing.
A
When the president’s company subcontracts manufacturing of a product, it does not allow the subcontractor to further subcontract manufacturing of that product.
Very strongly supported. Subcontracting manufacturing means losing some control over product quality. But the company’s subcontractors “maintain complete control over the quality of the products they supply.” So the subcontractors must not further subcontract their manufacturing.
B
Companies that subcontract the manufacturing of products are often disappointed in the quality of those products.
Unsupported. Subcontracting manufacturing reduces control over product quality, but it doesn't necessarily mean lower quality. It also doesn’t mean that companies will be disappointed with the quality of products that have been manufactured by a subcontractor.
C
The company president insists on having as much control as possible over the quality of the company’s products.
Anti-supported. Subcontracting manufacturing means losing some control over product quality. Since the company president subcontracts some manufacturing, he likely doesn’t insist on having as much control as possible over product quality.
D
When consumers know that a product has been manufactured by a subcontractor, they are generally dubious about the product’s quality.
Unsupported. Subcontracting manufacturing reduces control over product quality, but it doesn't necessarily mean lower quality. It also doesn’t mean that customers will question the quality of a product that has been manufactured by a subcontractor.
E
When a company manufactures some products in-house and subcontracts the manufacturing of others, the products made in-house will be of uniformly better quality.
Unsupported. Subcontracting manufacturing reduces control over product quality, but it doesn't necessarily mean lower quality. Just because a product is made in-house doesn’t ensure that it will be of better quality.
Yolanda: Just as optometry relies on patients’ reports of what they see, happiness research relies on subjects’ reports of how they feel. Surely optometry is a scientific discipline.