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The Daily Gazette

Summary

The stimulus can be diagrammed as follows:

Notable Valid Inferences

This is a MBT Except question. For this question, all the wrong answers must be true (i.e., the denials can be justified), and the right answer must be false (i.e., the denial cannot be justified). We are looking for an answer choice that describes a subscriber who fulfilled all the requirements to be granted their request but was still denied.

A
Mr. Rathanan did not send in his advance payment two weeks ago; he states that his inaction was intended as cancellation and requests that he not be charged for the past two weeks of delivery of The Daily Gazette.

This denial is justified. A written request must be made beforehand to cancel a subscription, and Mr. Rathanan did not fulfill this requirement. We can also see this relationship by taking the contrapositive of the last conditional statement in the stimulus.

B
Dr. Broder called The Daily Gazette Monday morning to report that her Sunday edition had not been delivered; she requests credit instead of the offered replacement copy.

This denial is justified. A credit will only be offered if a replacement copy is unavailable. Because a replacement copy was available, a credit cannot be offered. We can also see this relationship by taking the contrapositive of the second conditional statement in the stimulus.

C
The Daily Gazette was delivered to Ms. Herrera during her one-week vacation even though she called on a Wednesday to stop delivery the following Monday for the entire week; she requests credit for the full week’s delivery.

This denial is not justified. Ms. Herrera requested temporary nondelivery more than three days before the first day she wanted delivery to stop, fulfilling the requirements for requesting temporary nondelivery. Based on the stimulus, there is no reason for her claim to be denied.

D
Although Ms. Jackson telephoned The Daily Gazette at the beginning of June requesting that her subscription be canceled on June 30, delivery was continued until July 3 when she called to complain; she requests that she not be charged for the papers delivered in July.

While Ms. Jackson did request her subscription be cancelled in advance, she did not make this request in writing. Therefore, the denial is justified. We can also see this relationship by taking the contrapositive of the last conditional statement in the stimulus.

E
Ms. Silverman was out of town on Sunday and Monday and when she returned on Tuesday she found that her Sunday edition had not been delivered; she called The Daily Gazette on Tuesday afternoon requesting credit for the undelivered copy.

This denial is justified. As we can see from the second conditional statement in the stimulus, a missing copy should be reported within 24 hours. Ms. Silverman failed to meet this condition, which implies the denial is justified.


63 comments

Lobsters and other crustaceans eaten by humans are more likely to contract gill diseases when sewage contaminates their water. Under a recent proposal, millions of gallons of local sewage each day would be rerouted many kilometers offshore. Although this would substantially reduce the amount of sewage in the harbor where lobsters are caught, the proposal is pointless, because hardly any lobsters live long enough to be harmed by those diseases.

Summarize Argument
The author concludes that rerouting the sewage is pointless. Why? Because most lobsters are too short-lived to suffer from the gill diseases that rerouting the sewage would prevent.

Notable Assumptions
The author assumes there is no other worthwhile reason for the sewage to be rerouted. In particular, he assumes that if lobsters are not harmed by sewage-caused gill diseases, then there’s no use in trying to prevent them.

A
Contaminants in the harbor other than sewage are equally harmful to lobsters.
This strengthens the argument. If non-sewage contaminants are equally dangerous, then rerouting the sewage will not protect the lobsters much, if at all.
B
Lobsters, like other crustaceans, live longer in the open ocean than in industrial harbors.
This does not say lobsters live only in the open ocean. It’s possible the lobsters caught for human consumption live mainly in industrial harbors.
C
Lobsters breed as readily in sewage-contaminated water as in unpolluted water.
This strengthens the argument by eliminating one possible reason for the sewage to be rerouted.
D
Gill diseases cannot be detected by examining the surface of the lobster.
This is not relevant. There’s no indication the detection of gill diseases from the outside makes lobsters more or less healthy or dangerous.
E
Humans often become ill as a result of eating lobsters with gill diseases.
This is a reason to reroute the sewage. Though lobsters themselves may not suffer from sewage-contaminated water, humans eating them will.

159 comments