Modest amounts of exercise can produce a dramatic improvement in cardiovascular health. One should exercise most days of the week, but one need only do the equivalent of half an hour of brisk walking on those days to obtain cardiovascular health benefits. More vigorous exercise is more effective, but a strenuous workout is not absolutely necessary.
Summary
Modest amounts of exercise can greatly improve heart health. You should exercise most days, but the equivalent of just 30 minutes of brisk walking on those days is enough to see benefits. More intense exercise works better, but a hard workout isn’t required.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
Because they’re more effective than modest exercise, strenuous workouts most days of the week can also dramatically improve heart health.
Improving heart health does not require strenuous exercise or time-consuming workouts.
A
Having a strenuous workout most days of the week can produce a dramatic improvement in cardiovascular health.
Strongly supported. Modest amounts of exercise most days of the week can dramatically improve heart health. Strenuous exercise is more effective than modest exercise. So, having a strenuous workout most days of the week can dramatically improve heart health.
B
Doing the equivalent of an hour of brisk walking two or three times a week generally produces dramatic improvements in cardiovascular health.
Unsupported. We’re told that doing the equivalent of 30 minutes of brisk walking most days of the week (at least 4 days) can improve heart health. We don’t know that doing the equivalent of an hour of brisk walking 2-3 times a week could produce the same improvements.
C
It is possible to obtain at least as great an improvement in cardiovascular health from doing the equivalent of half an hour of brisk walking most days of the week as from having a strenuous workout most days of the week.
Anti-supported. We’re told that strenuous exercise is more effective than modest exercise. So we cannot conclude that it’s possible to obtain at least as great an improvement in heart health from modest exercise as from strenuous exercise.
D
Aside from exercise, there is no way of improving one’s cardiovascular health.
Unsupported. We know that exercise can improve cardiovascular health, but we do not know that it’s the only way to improve cardiovascular health.
E
To obtain a dramatic improvement in one’s cardiovascular health, one must exercise strenuously at least occasionally.
Anti-supported. We’re told that modest amounts of exercise can produce a dramatic improvement in cardiovascular health and that although more vigorous exercise is more effective, “a strenuous workout is not absolutely necessary.”
A
Apart from the sophistication of their stone tools, there is a great deal of evidence suggesting that Neanderthals possessed some form of language.
B
The students who were taught with verbal explanations were allowed to discuss the toolmaking techniques among themselves, whereas the students who learned by silent example were not.
C
The tools that the undergraduates were taught to make were much simpler and easier to make than most types of tools created by Neanderthals.
D
The instructor who taught the group of students who learned by silent example alone was much less proficient at making the stone tools than was the instructor who taught the other group of students.
E
The tools created by Neanderthals were much less sophisticated than the tools created by anatomically modern humans who almost certainly possessed language and lived at the same time as the Neanderthals.
A
infers of two correlated phenomena, X and Y, that X causes Y without considering whether Y causes X
B
fails to describe the mechanism by which productivity is supposedly increased
C
takes for granted that the characteristics of one prairie plot could reveal something about the characteristics of other prairie plots
D
bases a general conclusion on data that is likely to be unrepresentative
E
takes an increase in number to indicate an increase in proportion