Nutritionist: Many people claim that simple carbohydrates are a reasonable caloric replacement for the fatty foods forbidden to those on low-fat diets. This is now in doubt. New studies show that, for many people, a high intake of simple carbohydrates stimulates an overproduction of insulin, a hormone that is involved in processing sugars and starches to create energy when the body requires energy, or, when energy is not required, to store the resulting by-products as fat.
Summary
A Nutritionist argues that consuming a high amount of simple carbohydrates is not a suitable replacement for the fatty foods people give up while on a diet. This is because carbohydrates can lead to the overproduction of insulin, which stores excess energy as fat.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
Those on diets should not replace fatty foods with a high intake of carbohydrates in order to lose weight.
A
People on low-fat diets should avoid consumption of simple carbohydrates if they wish to maintain the energy that their bodies require.
The stimulus does not say anything about “maintaining energy.” The nutritionist is focused on how excess carbohydrates lead to the accumulation of more fat.
B
People who produce enough insulin to process their intake of simple carbohydrates should not feel compelled to adopt low-fat diets.
The stimulus says nothing about people who produce enough insulin. The Nutritionist is focused on people who were on low-fat diets and are considering switching to a high-carb diet
C
People who consume simple carbohydrates should limit their intake of foods high in fat.
This is too strong to support. The Nutritionist does not suggest limiting the intake of high-fat foods for those who consume simple carbohydrates. It focuses on the effects of simple carbohydrates, not fats.
D
People who wish to avoid gaining body fat should limit their intake of foods high in simple carbohydrates.
The stimulus supports the idea that those who want to avoid gaining fat should limit their intake of carbs because these can cause an overproduction of insulin, which leads to more fat.
E
People who do not produce an excessive amount of insulin when they consume foods high in simple carbohydrates will not lose weight if they restrict only their intake of these foods.
This is far too specific and strong to support. The Nutritionist does not claim that only restricting carbs will/will not result in weight loss. It is only talking about consuming an excess of carbs
A
Cats have a greater physiological need for sleep than other animals.
B
Many other animals also spend much of their time sleeping yet have a strong, agile musculature.
C
Cats are able to sleep in apparently uncomfortable positions.
D
Cats derive ample exercise from frequent stretching.
E
Cats require strength and agility in order to be effective predators.
(1) If farmland is flat, then farmers don’t build terraces to prevent erosion on that land.
(2) In Dooney County, there are terraces on farmland (at least, so the author hears).
- What he’s heard about terraces on Dooney County’s farms is true. (Otherwise, there’s no reason to think there are any terraces.)
- Some terraces in Dooney County were built to prevent erosion. (If they were for another purpose, they tell us nothing about whether the land is flat.)
- Some terraces in Dooney County were built by farmers. (If other people built them all, we can’t infer anything about the land.)