A
Advertising campaigns designed to target one demographic sometimes appeal to a wider group of people than expected.
B
Consistent efforts to establish a brand identity are critical for encouraging product interest and improving company recognition.
C
Fewer people are influenced by auto insurance commercials than by commercials for other types of products.
D
Advertising campaigns that target one demographic often alienate people who are not part of the target demographic.
E
Efforts to influence a target demographic do not pay off when the content of the advertising campaign falls short.
A
It is a hypothesis that is rejected in favor of the hypothesis stated in the argument’s overall conclusion.
B
It is a concession made to those who dispute an analogy drawn in the argument.
C
It helps establish the importance of the argument’s overall conclusion, but is not offered as evidence for that conclusion.
D
It is a general claim used in support of the argument’s overall conclusion.
E
It is the overall conclusion of the argument.
A
Productivity growth in a country usually leads to an eventual increase in job creation.
B
The economist’s country has seen a slow but steady increase in its unemployment rate over the last decade.
C
A country’s unemployment rate is a key factor in determining its average living standards.
D
The economist’s country currently lags behind other countries in the development of new technology.
E
Productivity-enhancing new technology tends to quickly become outdated.
For pollinating certain crops such as cranberries, bumblebees are far more efficient than honeybees. This is because a bumblebee tends to visit only a few plant species in a limited area, whereas a honeybee generally flies over a much broader area and visits a wider variety of species.
Summary
Bumblebees pollinate a smaller number of plant species in a more limited area than do honeybees. This makes bumblebees more efficient at pollinating some crops, including cranberries.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
Cranberries are more efficiently pollinated by pollinators who focus on a narrow range of species in a small area.
When a pollinator visits many species of plants, it decreases that pollinator’s efficiency in pollinating cranberries.
A
If a honeybee visits a wider variety of plant species than a bumblebee visits, the honeybee will be less efficient than the bumblebee at pollinating any one of those species.
Unsupported. This is too broad a claim. The stimulus doesn’t suggest that visiting a small number of plant species makes bumblebees more efficient at pollinating any species—it only makes them more efficient for “certain crops such as cranberries.”
B
The number of plant species other than cranberries that a bee visits affects the efficiency with which the bee pollinates cranberries.
Strongly supported. The difference in efficiency between the two kinds of bee is due to a difference in the geographic range and number of plant species visited by each kind of bee. This suggests that the number of additional plant species visited may affect efficiency.
C
The broader an area a bee flies over, the smaller the number of plant species that bee will be able to visit.
Anti-supported. Honeybees fly over a broader area than bumblebees do, and yet honeybees also visit a larger number of plant species.
D
Cranberries are typically found concentrated in limited areas that bumblebees are more likely than honeybees ever to visit.
Unsupported. The stimulus doesn’t suggest any reason why bumblebees would be more likely than honeybees to visit cranberries. If anything, honeybees visit a broader area and encounter more kinds of plants than bumblebees do.
E
The greater the likelihood of a given bee species visiting one or more plants in a given cranberry crop, the more efficient that bee species will be at pollinating that crop.
Unsupported. Bumblebees are more efficient at pollinating cranberries, but there’s nothing to suggest that this is because they’re somehow more likely to visit cranberries. If anything, honeybees visit a broader area and encounter more kinds of plants than bumblebees do.