A
During part of their life cycles, the parasites of stingrays require as hosts shrimp or oysters, which are environmentally vulnerable organisms.
B
A stingray is a free-ranging predator that feeds on smaller organisms but has few predators itself.
C
A parasite drains part of the vitality of its host by drawing nourishment from the host.
D
An ecosystem can be considered stressed if only a few species of very simple organisms can live there.
E
Since the life of parasites depends on that of their host, they need to live without killing their host or else to reproduce and infect other individuals before their own host dies.
A
The drug is extremely expensive and would be difficult to make widely available.
B
The drug has to be administered several times a day, so patient compliance is likely to be low.
C
The drug does not prevent the spread of chicken pox from one person to another, even when the drug eventually cures the disease in the first person.
D
When misused by taking larger-than-prescribed doses, the drug can be fatal.
E
Use of the drug contributes to the development of deadlier forms of chicken pox that are resistant to the drug.
Editorialist: In all cultures, it is almost universally accepted that one has a moral duty to prevent members of one’s family from being harmed. Thus, few would deny that if a person is known by the person’s parents to be falsely accused of a crime, it would be morally right for the parents to hide the accused from the police. Hence, it is also likely to be widely accepted that it is sometimes morally right to obstruct the police in their work.
A
utilizes a single type of example for the purpose of justifying a broad generalization
The editorialist uses an example to support a generalization, but it’s not an overly broad or flawed generalization. She gives one case where it may be considered morally right to obstruct police and then concludes that it’s sometimes considered morally right to obstruct police.
B
fails to consider the possibility that other moral principles would be widely recognized as overriding any obligation to protect a family member from harm
Perhaps most people would not agree that it’s sometimes morally right to obstruct police work because most people believe that some other moral principles, like the duty to follow the law, override the obligation to protect family members.
C
presumes, without providing justification, that allowing the police to arrest an innocent person assists rather than obstructs justice
The editorialist assumes that hiding a wrongfully convicted person obstructs rather than assists police work. She never actually makes any claims about obstructing justice, which may not be the same thing as obstructing police work.
D
takes for granted that there is no moral obligation to obey the law
The editorialist doesn’t assume that there is no obligation to obey the law. She just assumes that the moral duty to protect one’s family sometimes overrides any obligation to obey the law.
E
takes for granted that the parents mentioned in the example are not mistaken about their child’s innocence
The editorialist argues that most people would agree that it’s morally right for parents to hide a child who is known to the parents to be falsely accused of a crime from the police. Whether the child is actually innocent is irrelevant.