For pollinating certain crops such as cranberries, bumblebees are far more efficient than honeybees. This is because a bumblebee tends to visit only a few plant species in a limited area, whereas a honeybee generally flies over a much broader area and visits a wider variety of species.
Summary
Bumblebees pollinate a smaller number of plant species in a more limited area than do honeybees. This makes bumblebees more efficient at pollinating some crops, including cranberries.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
Cranberries are more efficiently pollinated by pollinators who focus on a narrow range of species in a small area.
When a pollinator visits many species of plants, it decreases that pollinator’s efficiency in pollinating cranberries.
A
If a honeybee visits a wider variety of plant species than a bumblebee visits, the honeybee will be less efficient than the bumblebee at pollinating any one of those species.
Unsupported. This is too broad a claim. The stimulus doesn’t suggest that visiting a small number of plant species makes bumblebees more efficient at pollinating any species—it only makes them more efficient for “certain crops such as cranberries.”
B
The number of plant species other than cranberries that a bee visits affects the efficiency with which the bee pollinates cranberries.
Strongly supported. The difference in efficiency between the two kinds of bee is due to a difference in the geographic range and number of plant species visited by each kind of bee. This suggests that the number of additional plant species visited may affect efficiency.
C
The broader an area a bee flies over, the smaller the number of plant species that bee will be able to visit.
Anti-supported. Honeybees fly over a broader area than bumblebees do, and yet honeybees also visit a larger number of plant species.
D
Cranberries are typically found concentrated in limited areas that bumblebees are more likely than honeybees ever to visit.
Unsupported. The stimulus doesn’t suggest any reason why bumblebees would be more likely than honeybees to visit cranberries. If anything, honeybees visit a broader area and encounter more kinds of plants than bumblebees do.
E
The greater the likelihood of a given bee species visiting one or more plants in a given cranberry crop, the more efficient that bee species will be at pollinating that crop.
Unsupported. Bumblebees are more efficient at pollinating cranberries, but there’s nothing to suggest that this is because they’re somehow more likely to visit cranberries. If anything, honeybees visit a broader area and encounter more kinds of plants than bumblebees do.
A
The proportions of service requests for the other computer brands in the tally were clustered much closer to the ProBit level of service requests than to the KRV level.
B
For some computer brands, but not for others, most service requests are made to the manufacturer’s service department rather than to an independent service company.
C
The company that did the tally receives more service requests for ProBit brand computers than does any other independent computer service company.
D
The computer brands covered in the computer service company’s tally differ greatly with respect to their market share.
E
ProBit has been selling personal computers for many more years than has KRV.
Counselor: To be kind to someone, one must want that person to prosper. Yet, even two people who dislike each other may nevertheless treat each other with respect. And while no two people who dislike each other can be fully content in each other’s presence, any two people who do not dislike each other will be kind to each other.
Summary
The stimulus can be diagrammed as follows:
Notable Valid Inferences
If you are fully content with one’s presence, then you want them to prosper.
If you like someone, then you want them to prosper.
If you are fully content with one’s presence, then you are kind to them.
A
Some people who like each other are not fully content in each other’s presence.
Could be true. Liking someone is the necessary condition of being fully content, but being fully content isn’t a necessary condition of liking someone. It could be the case that people who like each other are not fully content in each other’s presence.
B
Some people who are fully content in each other’s presence do not want each other to prosper.
Must be false. As shown in the diagram, everyone who is fully content in someone’s presence wants that person to prosper.
C
Some people who treat each other with respect are not fully content in each other’s presence.
Could be true. The only thing that we know about respect is that it is possible for two people who dislike each other to treat each other with respect. It could be the case that people who aren’t fully content with each other’s presence can treat each other with respect.
D
Some people who want each other to prosper dislike each other.
Could be true. Wanting someone to prosper is a necessary condition of liking someone, but liking someone isn’t a necessary condition of wanting someone to prosper. It is possible to want someone to prosper while disliking them.
E
Some people who are kind to each other do not treat each other with respect.
Could be true. If someone is kind to someone, we know that they want that person to prosper, but that is the only thing we can definitively say. It is possible to be kind to someone and not respect them.