Summary
The US ranks far behind Sweden and Canada in workplace safety. In all three countries, joint labor-management committees have been very successful in reducing workplace injuries. In the US, these communities are only found in the companies that have voluntarily established them, whereas, in Sweden and several Canadian provinces, they are required by law and exist in all medium and large-sized workplaces.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
Joint labor-management committees play a role in reducing occupational industries.
A
The establishment of joint safety committees in all medium-sized and large workplaces in the United States would result in a reduction of occupational injuries.
The stimulus says that these committees are successful in reducing occupational injuries. We also know that countries where they are mandatory (Sweden and Canada), have much higher workplace safety.
B
A joint safety committee that is required by law is more effective at reducing occupational injuries than is a joint safety committee that is voluntarily established.
There is no information about the efficacy of joint safety committees established by law vs those voluntarily established. This answer choice requires close reading to eliminate!
C
Workplace safety in Sweden and Canada was superior to that in the United States even prior to the passage of laws requiring joint safety committees in all medium-sized and large workplaces.
There is no information about workplace safety prior to the passage of any laws.
D
Joint safety committees had been voluntarily established in most medium-sized and large workplaces in Sweden and several Canadian provinces prior to the passage of laws requiring such committees.
There is no information about Sweden or Canada before the passage of mandatory joint safety committee laws.
E
The United States would surpass Sweden and Canada in workplace safety if joint safety committees were required in all medium-sized and large workplaces in the United States.
There is no support for the idea that the US would surpass Sweden and Canada in workplace safety. This comparative statement requires a bunch of assumptions to make it work.
Summarize Argument
The argument concludes that the high resale prices of several artworks sold off by a museum settle the issue of whether the artworks were of high or low quality. According to the argument, the prices prove that critics were correct that the artworks were first-rate pieces.
Identify and Describe Flaw
The argument uses the increased resale prices of the artworks as definitive evidence that the artworks were truly of high quality. However, this doesn’t account for the relevant circumstances of the resale compared to when the works were first sold. The first sale was “discreet,” while the resale followed the critics’ public outcry about how great the pieces were. This could easily have affected the prices.
A
It concludes that a certain opinion is correct on the grounds that it is held by more people than hold the opposing view.
The argument doesn’t use the number of people who think the artworks are high-quality as evidence.
B
It rejects the judgment of the experts in an area in which there is no better guide to the truth than expert judgment.
The argument doesn’t reject the judgment of experts. It’s merely siding with one group of experts, the critics, over another expert, the museum director.
C
It rejects a proven means of accomplishing an objective without offering any alternative means of accomplishing that objective.
The argument isn’t concerned with how to accomplish any objective.
D
It bases a firm conclusion about a state of affairs in the present on somewhat speculative claims about a future state of affairs.
The argument doesn’t make any claims about any future state of affairs.
E
It bases its conclusion on facts that could, in the given situation, have resulted from causes other than those presupposed by the argument.
The argument’s conclusion is based on the fact that the artworks resold for high prices. The supposed cause is that the artworks were of high quality. However, the high prices could also have resulted from the publicity of the critics’ public outcry about the artworks.
Summarize Argument
The author concludes that medieval Arab poets weren’t interested in Aristotle’s Poetics. This is because Aristotle frequently references Homer, whose work a medieval Arab poet would presumably want to read. But Homer wasn’t translated into Arabic until much later, which signals there was low demand at the time.
Notable Assumptions
The author assumes medieval Arab poets couldn’t read Homer in the original Greek, or in some other translated language. The author also assumes that medieval Arab poets were numerous enough to generate translation demand, and that Homer was available to Arab translators.
A
A number of medieval Arab translators possessed manuscripts of the Homeric epics in their original Greek.
Arab translators had Homer in Greek. The fact they never translated Homer strengthens the claim that there simply wasn’t adequate demand. Thus, medieval Arab poets probably weren’t too interested in Aristotle’s Poetics.
B
Medieval Arabic story cycles, such as the Arabian Nights, are in some ways similar to parts of the Homeric epics.
This suggests medieval Arab poets or writers had read Homer. We’re trying to strengthen the opposite claim.
C
In addition to translating from Greek, medieval Arab translators produced Arabic editions of many works originally written in Indian languages and in Persian.
Irrelevant. Yes, translators translate from one language to another. We need to strengthen the claim Arab poets weren’t interested in Aristotle’s Poetics.
D
Aristotle’s Poetics has frequently been cited and commented on by modern Arab poets.
We don’t care about modern Arab poets.
E
Aristotle’s Poetics is largely concerned with drama, and dramatic works were written and performed by medieval Arabs.
Lots of works are concerned with drama. This doesn’t tell us medieval Arab poets actually read Aristotle’s Poetics.