Summary
When industries try to use new technology quickly, the people who can master the new technology will have success. Many people who can’t master the new technology will lose their jobs. But if a business tries to resist using new technology, they’ll eventually lose to businesses that do use new technology, and all of their employees will lose their jobs.
Strongly Supported Conclusions
We’re supposed to fill in a blank concerning businesses that resist new technology. One reasonable conclusion is that those businesses are not doing something that will save their employees’ jobs.
A
is less likely to dislocate workers than it is to create job security for them
Antisupported. The stimulus indicates that businesses that resist new technology will lose out to other businesses and their employees will lose their jobs.
B
will affect only those who possess technical skills
Antisupported. Businesses that resist new technology will get their employees fired. That’s an effect on all employees, not just those who posses technical skills.
C
cannot prevent job loss in the long run
Strongly supported. The stimulus indicates that businesses that resist new technology will lose out to other businesses and thereby lead to job loss for all of their employees.
D
eventually creates more jobs than it destroys
Unsupported. The stimulus doesn’t discuss or suggest anything concerning what will create new jobs.
E
must take priority over any attempt to promote new industries
Unsupported. The stimulus discusses a negative consequence to employees by resisting technology. There’s no reason the author would suggest that businesses should prioritize resisting technology above some other activity.
Summarize Argument
The author concludes that if a survey is well constructed, survey respondents’ desire to meet surveyors’ expectations won’t affect the survey’s results. This is based on the fact that in well-constructed surveys the way questions are worded don’t indicate the kind of answer that the surveyor might expect.
Identify and Describe Flaw
The author overlooks the possibility that a respondents’ answers can still be affected by desire to meet the surveyor’s expectations, even if the questions don’t indicate the surveyor’s expectations. Perhaps, for example, the respondent might form a belief about the surveyor’s expectations through other aspects of the survey besides the questions.
A
an opinion survey that disguises the surveyor’s expectations may be flawed in a number of ways, some of which have nothing to do with the surveyor’s expectations
The conclusion is only concerned with whether the desire to meet expectations will affect the results. Whether there are other ways a survey can be flawed doesn’t affect whether the desire to meet expectations will affect results in a well-constructed survey.
B
when people who respond to opinion surveys hold strong opinions, their answers are unlikely to be influenced by other people’s expectations
(B) points out the possibility that respondents’ answers are UNlikely to influenced. This doesn’t point out a flaw, because we’re trying to show why respondents’ views still CAN be affected by the surveyor’s expectations.
C
many opinion surveyors have no expectations whatsoever regarding the answers of people who respond to surveys
This possibility doesn’t undermine the argument’s reasoning. If many surveyors have no expectations, that doesn’t help show why respondents’ desire to meet expectations actually could affect results.
D
some people who know what answers an opinion surveyor expects to hear will purposefully try to thwart the surveyor’s expectations
The conclusion concerns whether a desire to MEET expectations will affect survey results. The desire to “thwart” expectations involves a desire NOT to meet expectations; this is about a different issue that the conclusion isn’t concerned with.
E
the answers of opinion-survey respondents can be influenced by beliefs about the surveyor’s expectations even if those beliefs are unfounded
This possibility shows how a desire to meet expectations can still affect the results, even if the questions don’t indicate the expectations. The respondent might just wrongly assume what the surveyor expects, and answer in a way that meets those assumed expectations.