LSAT 121 – Section 1 – Question 26

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Explanation
PT121 S1 Q26
+LR
Must be true +MBT
Conditional Reasoning +CondR
A
68%
165
B
6%
157
C
2%
156
D
10%
158
E
13%
161
149
157
165
+Harder 145.604 +SubsectionMedium

Reza: Language requires the use of verbal signs for objects as well as for feelings. Many animals can vocally express hunger, but only humans can ask for an egg or an apple by naming it. And using verbal signs for objects requires the ability to distinguish these objects from other objects, which in turn requires conceptual thought.

Summary

The stimulus can be diagrammed as follows:

Notable Valid Inferences

Conceptual thought is a necessary condition for language use.

Animals do not have language.

A
Conceptual thought is required for language.

This must be true. As shown in the diagram, by chaining the conditional claims, we see that conceptual thought is a necessary condition for language.

B
Conceptual thought requires the use of verbal signs for objects.

This could be false. (B) says “Conceptual thought → Use of verbal signs for objects.” In our diagram, we only have conceptual thought as a necessary condition; we don’t know what conceptual thought is a sufficient condition for.

C
It is not possible to think conceptually about feelings.

This could be false. We have no information about which topics are possible to think about conceptually.

D
All humans are capable of conceptual thought.

This could be false. In our diagram, “human” is a necessary condition for “use of verbal signs for objects.” We are not given “humans” as a sufficient condition for anything, so we don’t know anything that “all humans” can do.

E
The vocal expressions of animals other than humans do not require conceptual thought.

This could be false. We know that many animals can vocally express at least one feeling (hunger). It could be the case that vocal expression of hunger requires conceptual thought; our stimulus just doesn’t address this.

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